Abbreviations and Symbols

The list below explains abbreviations used in this thesis.

Abbreviation	Meaning (explanation)
AC	Alternating Current
ADC	Analog-to-Digital Converter
APSP	Analog Pulse Shape Processor
APV	(CMS silicon strip tracker amplifier chip series)
APVMUX	APV Multiplexer
ASIC	Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ALICE	A Large Ion Collider Experiment (LHC experiment, http://www.cern.ch/ALICE)
ATLAS	A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (LHC experiment, http://atlasinfo.cern.ch/Atlas)
BNL	Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA (http://www.bnl.gov)
bx	Bunch Crossing
CCU	Communications and Control Unit
CERN	European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Geneva, CH [2] (http://www.cern.ch)
CMC	Common Mode Correction
CMOS	Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
CMS	Compact Muon Solenoid (LHC experiment, http://cmsinfo.cern.ch/cmsinfo)
CP	Charge-Parity
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube (monitor)
CSC	Cathode Strip Chambers
DELPHI	Detector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification (LEP experiment)
DAC	Digital-to-analog converter
DAQ	Data Acquisition
DC	Direct Current
DCU	Detector Control Unit
DLL	Delay-Locked Loop
DMILL	(Radiation hard ASIC manufacturing process by Temic)
DPM	Dual Port Memory
DT	Drift Tube Chambers
ECAL	Electromagnetic Calorimeter
FEC	Front-End Controller
FET	Field Effect Transistor
FIFO	First In First Out (memory)
FOXFET	Field Oxide Field Effect Transistor
FPGA	Field Programmable Gate Array
FWHM	Full Width at Half Maximum
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HCAL	Hadron Calorimeter
HEPHY	Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna, A [1] (http://wwwhephy.oeaw.ac.at)
HV	High Voltage
$\rm I^2C$	Inter-IC (bus system)
IC	Integrated Circuit
	Imperial College, London, UK [75] (http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/silicon)
IMP	Institute of Material Physics, Vienna, A [68] (http://www.univie.ac.at/materialphysik)
LEP	Large Electron Positron Collider
LHC	Large Hadron Collider (http://www.cern.ch/LHC)
LHCb	(B-meson experiment at LHC, http://lhcb.cern.ch)
LVDS	Low Voltage Differential Signaling
MIP	Minimum Ionizing Particle
MIT	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA (http://www.mit.edu)
MQW	Multi-Quantum-Well (semiconductor laser structure)
MSGC	Micro-Strip Gas Chamber
MUX	Multiplexer
NIM	Nuclear Instrumentation Module
NOMAD-STAR	Neutrino Oscillation Magnetic Detector - Silicon Target (http://nomadinfo.cern.ch)
NRZI	Non Return to Zero with Invert 1 on change (Data encoding scheme)
NTC	Negative Temperature Coefficient
PC	Personal Computer
PCB	Printed Circuit Board
PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect (Industrial bus system)
PHOBOS	(RHIC Experiment, http://phobos-srv.chm.bnl.gov)
PLL	Phase-Locked Loop
PM	Photomultiplier (tube)
PMC	PCI Mezzanine Card
ppm	Parts Per Million
PSI	Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH [65] (http://www.psi.ch)
PUC	Pixel Unit Cell
R&D	Research & Development
RHIC	Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (http://www.rhic.bnl.gov)
ROOT	(Object-oriented data analysis software package [61], http://root.cern.ch)
RMS	Root Mean Square
RPC	Resistive Plate Chambers
SEGR	Single Event Gate Rupture
SEL	Single Event Latchup
SEU	Single Event Upset
S/H	Sample/Hold
SM	Standard Model
SMS	Short Message Service
SNR	Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SPICE	Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (Circuit Simulation Software)
SPS	Super Proton Synchrotron (CERN accelerator)
SST	Silicon Strip Tracker
SUSY	Supersymmetry
TTC	Timing, Trigger and Control (LHC clock and trigger distribution system [58])
VCO	Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VFT	Very Forward Tracker
VME	Versa Module Eurocard (Industrial bus system)

This list defines the symbols used for variables and constants.

Symbol	Definition	Units or Value
$\alpha$	Current related damage rate	$\rm A/m$
	Tilt angle	$^{\circ}$
$\beta$	Speed relative to $c$
$\delta(\gamma)$	Density correction term
$\epsilon$	Dielectric constant	$\rm A\,s\,V^{-1}\,m^{-1}$
$\eta$	Pseudorapidity
$\eta_{c}$	Charge collection efficiency
$\gamma$	$(1-\beta^2)^{-1/2}$
$\lambda$	Wavelength	$\rm m$
$\lambda_I$	Nuclear interaction length	$\rm m$
$\mu$	Carrier mobility	$\rm m^2\,V^{-1}\,s^{-1}$
$\Phi$	fluence	$\rm m^{-2}$
$\Phi_{\rm eq}$	$1\,\rm MeV$ neutron equivalent fluence	$\rm m^{-2}$
$\rho$	Mass density	$\rm kg\,m^{-3}$
	Charge density	$\rm e\,m^{-3}$
$\sigma$	Standard deviation	any unit
	Cross-section	$\rm m^2$
$A$	Atomic mass	$\rm kg/mol$
	Amplifier gain
	Scale factor
$B$	Magnetic flux density	$\rm T$
$c$	Speed of light in vacuum	$3.00 \cdot 10^{8}\,\rm m/s$
$C$	Capacitance	$\rm F$
	Shell correction term
$\rm clw$	Cluster width
$D$	Detector thickness	$\rm m$
	Optical resonator length	$\rm m$
$d_c$	Charge collection distance	$\rm m$
$E$	Electric field strength	$\rm V/m$
	Energy	$\rm eV$
$e$	Elementary charge	$1.60 \cdot 10^{-19}\,\rm A\,s$
$E_g$	Band gap	$\rm eV$
$\rm ENC$	Equivalent noise charge	$\rm e$
$f$	Frequency	$\rm Hz$
$i$	Current	$\rm A$
$I$	Mean excitation energy	$\rm eV$
$k$	Boltzmann constant	$8.62 \cdot 10^{-5}\,\rm eV/K$
$L$	Field effect transistor channel length	$\rm m$
$\mathcal{L}$	Luminosity	$\rm m^{-2}\,s^{-1}$
$m_e$	Electron mass	$9.11 \cdot 10^{-31}\,\rm kg$
$n$	Number of electron-hole pairs
$N$	Doping concentration density	$\rm m^{-3}$
$n, N$	Integer multiple
$N_A$	Avogadro constant	$6.02 \cdot 10^{23}\,\rm mol^{-1}$
$p$	Particle momentum	$\rm eV/c$
	Strip pitch	$\rm m$
$Q$	Charge	$\rm e$
$Q_c$	Collected charge	$\rm e$
$r$	Radius	$\rm m$
	Resistivity	$\rm\Omega\,m$
$R$	Event rate	$\rm s^{-1}$
$r_e$	Classical electron radius $\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 m_e c^2}$	$2.82\,\rm fm$
$\rm SNR$	Signal-to-noise ratio
$T$	Absolute temperature	$\rm K$
$t, T$	Time	$\rm s$
$T_{\rm max}$	Maximum kinetic energy transfer	$\rm eV$
$T_p$	Peaking time	$\rm s$
$v$	Velocity	$\rm m/s$
$V$	Voltage	$\rm V$
	Volume	$\rm m^3$
$W$	Field effect transistor channel width	$\rm m$
$w$	Strip implant width	$\rm m$
$x$	Distance from the detector backplane	$\rm m$
$X_{0}$	Radiation length	$\rm m$
$z$	Distance from the vertex along the beam axis	$\rm m$
	Particle charge relative to $e$
$Z$	Atomic Number